The Western Balkans—covering Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Kosovo—is a region rich in history, stunning landscapes, and unique cultural experiences. From the snow-capped mountains and Ottoman-era architecture of Sarajevo to the Adriatic coastline in Montenegro, there’s much to explore. Yet, travelers should also be aware of one of the region’s modern challenges: air pollution.
According to studies by the United Nations, 17 out of 18 cities in this region exceed the World Health Organization’s recommended limits for particulate matter, which is considered the most harmful type of air pollutant. In the winter months, cities like Sarajevo experience particularly high pollution levels due to extensive use of heating systems, adding a layer of haze to the picturesque landscapes. While this might sound discouraging, with a bit of planning, it’s still possible to enjoy the region safely and fully.
One way to make the most of your trip is to focus on outdoor activities during times when pollution is lower—early mornings or after rain, for example. The Balkans are home to incredible natural scenery, from the Tara River Canyon in Montenegro to the Albanian Alps. Hiking, cycling, or visiting lakes and national parks allows you to experience the region’s beauty while breathing fresher air.
Historic towns and cities offer another way to explore without worrying too much about pollution. Sarajevo’s old town, with its cobblestone streets and vibrant markets, provides a deep dive into Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian influences. Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, is a lively mix of history, nightlife, and modern culture, with plenty of indoor attractions like museums, galleries, and cafés where visitors can escape outdoor haze.
Local cuisine is another highlight of the region. From Bosnian cevapi to Macedonian tavče gravče and Montenegrin seafood, indulging in traditional dishes can be a safe, enjoyable way to experience culture without worrying about outdoor air quality.
Travelers should also keep in mind practical tips: check local air quality indexes daily, avoid strenuous outdoor activities when pollution levels are high, and consider accommodations with air filtration. Despite these challenges, the Western Balkans remain a fascinating destination, offering rich history, warm hospitality, and natural beauty that far outweigh temporary concerns about pollution.
With careful planning, you can enjoy the vibrant culture, stunning landscapes, and unforgettable experiences this unique corner of Europe has to offer—all while staying mindful of the air quality.